The Bulgarian National Revival ( bg, Българско национално възраждане, ''Balgarsko natsionalno vazrazhdane'' or simply: Възраждане, ''Vazrazhdane'', and tr, Bulgar ulus canlanması) sometimes called the Bulgarian Renaissance, was a period of socio-economic development and national integration among

Bulgarian people Bulgarians ( bg, българи, Bǎlgari, ) are a nation and South Slavs, South Slavic ethnic group native to Bulgaria and the rest of Southeast Europe. Etymology Bulgarians derive their ethnonym from the Bulgars. Their name is not complete ...

under Ottoman rule. It is commonly accepted to have started with the historical book, ''

Istoriya Slavyanobolgarskaya ''Istoriya Slavyanobolgarskaya'' ( Original Cyrillic: Истори́ѧ славѣноболгарскаѧ corrected from Їстори́ѧ славѣноболгарскаѧ; ) is a book by Bulgarian scholar and clergyman Saint Paisius of Hilen ...

'', written in 1762 by Paisius, a Bulgarian monk of the

Hilandar The Hilandar Monastery ( sr-cyr, Манастир Хиландар, Manastir Hilandar, , el, Μονή Χιλανδαρίου) is one of the twenty Eastern Orthodox monasteries in Mount Athos in Greece and the only Serbian monastery there. It wa ...

monastery at

Mount Athos Mount Athos (; el, Ἄθως, ) is a mountain in the distal part of the eponymous Athos peninsula and site of an important centre of Eastern Orthodox monasticism in northeastern Greece. The mountain along with the respective part of the penins ...

, lead to the

National awakening of Bulgaria The National awakening of Bulgaria refers to the Bulgarian nationalism that emerged in the early 19th century under the influence of western ideas such as liberalism and nationalism, which trickled into the country after the French revolution, mo ...

and the modern Bulgarian nationalism, and lasted until the Liberation of Bulgaria in 1878 as a result of the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878.

Characteristics

The period is remarkable for its characteristic architecture which can still be observed in old Bulgarian towns such as

Tryavna Tryavna ( bg, Трявна ) is a town in central Bulgaria, situated in the northern slopes of the Balkan range, on the Tryavna river valley, near Gabrovo. It is famous for its textile industry and typical National Revival architecture, featuring ...

Koprivshtitsa Koprivshtitsa ( bg, Копривщица, pronounced , from the Bulgarian word , ''kopriva'', meaning "nettle") is a historic town in the Koprivshtitsa Municipality in Sofia Province, central Bulgaria, lying on the Topolnitsa River among the S ...

and

Veliko Tarnovo Veliko Tarnovo ( bg, Велико Търново, Veliko Tărnovo, ; "Great Tarnovo") is a town in north central Bulgaria and the administrative centre of Veliko Tarnovo Province. Often referred as the "''City of the Tsars''", Veliko Tarnovo ...

, the rich literary heritage of authors like

Ivan Vazov Ivan Minchov Vazov ( bg, Иван Минчов Вазов; – 22 September 1921) was a Bulgarian poet, novelist and playwright, often referred to as "the Patriarch of Bulgarian literature". He was born in Sopot, a town in the Rose Valley ...

and

Hristo Botev Hristo Botev ( bg, Христо Ботев, ), born Hristo Botyov Petkov (Христо Ботьов Петков; – ), was a Bulgarian revolutionary and poet. Botev is considered by Bulgarians to be a symbolic historical figure and nationa ...

that inspired the Bulgarian struggle for independence and an autonomous church, and the

April Uprising of 1876 The April Uprising ( bg, Априлско въстание, Aprilsko vastanie) was an insurrection organised by the Bulgarians in the Ottoman Empire from April to May 1876. The regular Ottoman Army and irregular bashi-bazouk units brutally su ...

, a significant event of armed opposition to Ottoman rule, which ultimately led to the Russo-Turkish Liberation War of 1877–1878. The significant changes in the Bulgarian society, the freedom of economic initiative and religious choice led to the formation of the Bulgarian nation in its ethnic borders and common territory embracing the lands of

Moesia Moesia (; Latin: ''Moesia''; el, Μοισία, Moisía) was an ancient region and later Roman province situated in the Balkans south of the Danube River, which included most of the territory of modern eastern Serbia, Kosovo, north-eastern Alban ...

(including

Dobruja Dobruja or Dobrudja (; bg, Добруджа, Dobrudzha or ''Dobrudža''; ro, Dobrogea, or ; tr, Dobruca) is a historical region in the Balkans that has been divided since the 19th century between the territories of Bulgaria and Romania. I ...

Thrace Thrace (; el, Θράκη, Thráki; bg, Тракия, Trakiya; tr, Trakya) or Thrake is a geographical and historical region in Southeast Europe, now split among Bulgaria, Greece, and Turkey, which is bounded by the Balkan Mountains to t ...

and Macedonia. The Bulgarian

National Revival National revival or national awakening is a period of ethnic self-consciousness that often precedes a political movement for national liberation but that can take place at a time when independence is politically unrealistic. In the history of Eur ...

is traditionally divided into three periods, the first from the 18th until the beginning of the 19th century (

Bulgarian National Awakening The Bulgarian National Awakening ( bg, Ранно възраждане) is the initial period of the Bulgarian National Revival in the history of Bulgaria, from the Treaty of Karlowitz to the Ottoman coups of 1807–08. During this historical per ...

), the second from the Ottoman reforms of the 1820s to the 1850s until the

Crimean War The Crimean War, , was fought from October 1853 to February 1856 between Russia and an ultimately victorious alliance of the Ottoman Empire, France, the United Kingdom and Piedmont-Sardinia. Geopolitical causes of the war included the de ...

, and the third from the Crimean War until the

Liberation of Bulgaria The Liberation of Bulgaria is the historical process as a result of the Bulgarian Revival. In Bulgarian historiography, the liberation of Bulgaria refers to those events of the Tenth Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878) that led to the re-establishme ...

in 1878. The beginning of the Bulgarian National Revival has been a topic of intensified discussion in the past. According to contemporaries of the period, it began in the 1820s. Later

Marin Drinov Marin Stoyanov Drinov ( bg, Марин Стоянов Дринов, russian: Марин Степанович Дринов; 20 October 1838 - 13 March 1906) was a Bulgarian historian and philologist from the National Revival period who lived and ...

suggested the actual beginning was marked by the writing of ''

'' by Paisius of Hilendar. According to an even later assumption by

Hristo Gandev Hristo Gandev (Христо Гандев; December 25, 1907, Veliko Tarnovo - July 27, 1987, Sofia Sofia ( ; bg, София, Sofiya, ) is the capital and largest city of Bulgaria. It is situated in the Sofia Valley at the foot of the Vit ...

, the period began in the beginning of the 17th century after the end of the

Köprülü era The Köprülü era ( tr, Köprülüler Devri) (c. 1656–1703) was a period in which the Ottoman Empire's politics were frequently dominated by a series of grand viziers from the Köprülü family. The Köprülü era is sometimes more narrowl ...

and the beginning of the

Tulip period The Tulip Period, or Tulip Era (Ottoman Turkish: لاله دورى, tr, Lâle Devri), is a period in Ottoman history from the Treaty of Passarowitz on 21 July 1718 to the Patrona Halil Revolt on 28 September 1730. This was a relatively peacef ...

and the

rule of the Phanarites Rule or ruling may refer to: Education * Royal University of Law and Economics (RULE), a university in Cambodia Human activity * The exercise of political or personal control by someone with authority or power * Business rule, a rule perta ...

. The prevailing opinion in contemporary

historiography Historiography is the study of the methods of historians in developing history as an academic discipline, and by extension is any body of historical work on a particular subject. The historiography of a specific topic covers how historians ha ...

is that the Bulgarian National Revival's beginning is marked by the first clear processes of decomposition in the Ottoman Empire. The

April Uprising The April Uprising ( bg, Априлско въстание, Aprilsko vastanie) was an insurrection organised by the Bulgarians in the Ottoman Empire from April to May 1876. The regular Ottoman Army and irregular bashi-bazouk units brutally su ...

led to the liberation and the end of the Revival. It is universally accepted that the Bulgarian National Revival ended with the Liberation of Bulgaria. This is meant only to include the

Principality of Bulgaria The Principality of Bulgaria ( bg, Княжество България, Knyazhestvo Balgariya) was a vassal state under the suzerainty of the Ottoman Empire. It was established by the Treaty of Berlin in 1878. After the Russo-Turkish War ende ...

, as revival processes continued until later in

Eastern Rumelia Eastern Rumelia ( bg, Източна Румелия, Iztochna Rumeliya; ota, , Rumeli-i Şarkî; el, Ανατολική Ρωμυλία, Anatoliki Romylia) was an autonomous province (''oblast'' in Bulgarian, ''vilayet'' in Turkish) in the Otto ...

and Macedonia.

Notable figures

Bulgarian Enlighteners and Revolutionaries

Paisius of Hilendar Saint Paisius of Hilendar or Paìsiy Hilendàrski ( bg, Свети Паисий Хилендарски) (1722–1773) was a Bulgarians, Bulgarian clergyman and a key Bulgarian National Revival figure. He is most famous for being the author of ''Is ...

(1722 - 1773) *

Spiridon Gabrovski Spiridon Gabrovski (1740; Gabrovo – 1824; Rila monastery), also known as Spiridon Rilski, was a Bulgarian clergyman and activist of the Bulgarian National Awakening in the Ottoman Empire. Gabrovski was born in Gabrovo in 1740. He worked on Mou ...

(1740 - 1824) *

Sophronius of Vratsa Saint Sophronius of Vratsa (or Sofroniy Vrachanski; bg, Софроний Врачански; 1739–1813), born Stoyko Vladislavov ( bg, Стойко Владиславов), was a Bulgarian cleric and one of the leading figures of the early Bu ...

(1739 - 1813) *

Stoyan Kovanlashki Stoyan ( Bulgarian): Стоян is a Bulgarian name derived from the verb ''Stoya'' (Стоя, to stand). The variant Stoian also appears in Romanian, and in northern Greece as Stogiannis (Greek: Στογιάννης). Given name *Stoyan Stoyano ...

* Puncho Kuzdin * Yosif Hilendarets * Todor Vrachanski * Aleksi Popovich * Doyno Gramatik * Dimitraki Hadjitoshev * Rayno Popovich (1783 - 1858) * Konstantin Fotinov (1790 - 1858) *

Neofit Rilski Neofit Rilski ( bg, Неофит Рилски) or Neophyte of Rila (Bansko, 1793 – January 4, 1881), born Nikola Poppetrov Benin ( bg, Никола Поппетров Бенин) was a 19th-century Bulgarian monk, teacher and artist, and an impor ...

(1793 - 1881) *

Yoakim Karchovski Yoakim Karchovski ( bg, Йоаким Кърчовски; mk, Јоаким Крчовски c. 1750 - c. 1820), also known as Hadži Joakim, was a cleric, writer and one of the early figures of the Bulgarian National Revival.Becoming Bulgarian: the ...

(1750 - 1820) *

Kiril Peychinovich Kiril Peychinovich or Kiril Pejčinoviḱ ( bg, Кирил Пейчинович, sr, Кирил Пејчиновић, mk, Кирил Пејчиновиќ, Old Church Slavonic, Church Slavonic: Күриллъ Пейчиновићь (c. 1770 &n ...

(1770 - 1865) *

Neofit Bozveli Neofit Bozveli ( bg, Неофит Бозвели) (c. 1785 – 4 June 1848) was a Bulgarian cleric and enlightener and one of the leaders of the Bulgarian Church struggle. He was born in the lively sub-Balkan town of Kotel. Bozveli completed his ...

(c. 1785 - 1848) *

Joseph Sokolsky Joseph Sokolsky ( bg, Йосиф Соколски, Gabrovo, Ottoman Empire 1786 – died in Kiev, Russian Empire, 30 September 1879) was the first senior Eastern Orthodox Bulgarian clergyman to convert to Catholicism, thus becoming a pioneer of th ...

(1786 - 1879) *

Zahari Krusha Rimlan-e Vosta ( fa, ريملان وسطي (زهرئ ), also Romanized as Rīmlān-e Vosţá; also known as Zahary, Jahlī Rīmdān, Rameh Dān, Remdān, Remīdān, Rīmdān, and Rīmdān-e Avval) is a village in Sand-e Mir Suiyan Rural District, ...

* Nikola Karastoyanov * Dimitar Smrikarov * Traycho Doychinovich *

Vasil Aprilov Vasil Evstatiev Aprilov ( bg, Васил Евстатиев Априлов) (21 July 1789 – 2 October 1847) was a Bulgarian educator. He studied in Moscow, graduated from a high school in Braşov and then pursued a medical degree in Vienna. A ...

(1789 – 1847) *

Petar Beron Dr. Petar Beron ( bg, Петър Берон) (c. 1799, Kotel – 21 March 1871) was a Bulgarian educator. He created the first modern Bulgarian primer, known as the '' Fish Primer'' (Рибен буквар, ''Riben bukvar'') due to a dolphin ...

(1799 – 1871) *

Kolyu Ficheto Nikola Fichev ( bg, Никола Фичев) (1800 Direnova, Ottoman Empire - 1881 Veliko Tarnovo, Principality of Bulgaria), commonly known as Kolyo Ficheto ( bg, Колю Фичето) or with his Turkish honorific Usta (Master) Kolyo Ficheto, ...

(1800 - 1881) *

Zahari Zograf Zahariy Hristovich Dimitrov ( bg, Захарий Христович Димитров) (1810–1853), better known as Zahari Zograf (or Zahariy Zograf; Захари(й) Зограф) is a famous Bulgarian painter of the Bulgarian National Revival, ...

(1810–1853) * Miladinovi Brothers - Dimitar Miladinov (1810–1862) and Konstantin Miladinov (1830–1862 *

Ilarion Makariopolski Hilarion of Makariopolis ( ''Ilarion Makariopolski'', el, Ιλαρίων Μακαριουπόλεως, born Stoyan Stoyanov Mihaylovski, bg, Стоян Стоянов Михайловски; 1812–1875) was a 19th-century Bulgarian cleric and ...

(1812 - 1875) * Anthim I (1816 - 1888) *

Parteniy Zografski Parteniy Zografski or Parteniy Nishavski ( bg, Партений Зографски/Нишавски; mk, Партенија Зографски; 1818 – February 7, 1876) was a 19th-century Bulgarian cleric, philologist, and folklorist from G ...

(1818 – 1876) *

Nikola Obrazopisov Nikola () is a given name which, like Nicholas, is a version of the Greek ''Nikolaos'' (Νικόλαος). It is common as a masculine given name in the South Slavs, South Slavic countries (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, North Macedon ...

* Ivan Bogorov (1818–1892) *

Stanislav Dospevski Stanislav Dospevski ( bg, Станислав Доспевски) is the name assumed by Zafir Zograf (Зафир Зограф), the son of Dimitar Zograf and nephew of the famed Bulgarian icon and mural painter, Zahari Zograf. He is a notable repr ...

(1823 - 1878) *

Nayden Gerov Nayden Gerov ( bg, Найден Геров), born Nayden Gerov Hadzhidobrevich ( bg, Найден Геров Хаджидобревич) February 23, 1823, Koprivshtitsa – October 9, 1900, Plovdiv) was a Bulgarian linguist, folklorist, writer ...

(1823 – 1900) *

Kuzman Shapkarev Kuzman Anastasov Shapkarev, ( bg, Кузман Анастасов Шапкарев), (1 January 1834 in Ohrid – 18 March 1909 in Sofia) was a Bulgarian folklorist, ethnographer and scientist from the Ottoman region of Macedonia, author of te ...

(1834 - 1909) * Todor Ikonomov (1835 – 1892) *

Vasil Drumev Kliment of Tarnovo (born Vasil Nikolov Drumev, bg, Васил Николов Друмев; c. 1841 – 10 July 1901, known by his title as Metropolitan Kliment of Turnovo), was a leading Bulgarian clergyman and politician. He was also a wr ...

(1841 – 1901) *

Dobri Voynikov Dobri Popov Voynikov ( bg, Добри Попов Войников; 10 November 1833 – 27 March 1878) was a Bulgarian teacher, playwright and journalist of the Bulgarian National Revival. He is regarded as the father of modern Bulgarian theat ...

Alexander Exarch Alexander Exarch ( bg, Александър Екзарх, 1810 – 27 September 1891) was a Bulgarian revivalist, publicist and journalist, and an active participant in the struggle for an independent Bulgarian Exarchate. In 1841, he accompanied ...

* Nikola Voyvodov *

Bacho Kiro Bacho Kiro ( bg, Бачо Киро) (7 July 1835 – 28 May 1876) was the nickname of Kiro Petrov Zanev (Киро Петров Занев), a Bulgarian teacher, man of letters and revolutionary who took an active part in the April Uprising. Bach ...

Georgi Rakovski Georgi Stoykov Rakovski ( bg, Георги Стойков Раковски) (1821 – 9 October 1867), known also Georgi Sava Rakovski (), born Sabi Stoykov Popovich (), was a 19th-century Bulgarian revolutionary, freemason, writer and an imp ...

Lyuben Karavelov Lyuben Stoychev Karavelov ( bg, Любен Стойчев Каравелов) (c. 1834 – 21 January 1879) was a Bulgarian writer and an important figure of the Bulgarian National Revival. Karavelov was born in Koprivshtitsa. He began his e ...

Stefan Stambolov Stefan Nikolov Stambolov ( bg, Стефан Николов Стамболов) (31 January 1854 OS– 19 July 1895 OS) was a Bulgarian politician, journalist, revolutionary, and poet who served as Prime Minister and regent. He is consider ...

Vasil Levski Vasil Levski ( bg, Васил Левски, spelled in old Bulgarian orthography as , ), born Vasil Ivanov Kunchev (; 18 July 1837 – 18 February 1873), was a Bulgarian revolutionary who is, today, a national hero of Bulgaria. Dubbed t ...

Georgi Benkovski Georgi Benkovski ( bg, Георги Бенковски) (1843 – 12 May 1876) was the pseudonym of Gavril Gruev Hlatev (Гаврил Груев Хлътев), a Bulgarian revolutionary and leading figure in the organization and direction of the Bu ...

Todor Kableshkov Todor Kableshkov ( Bulgarian: Тодор Каблешков) (13 January 1851 – 16 June 1876) was a 19th-century Bulgarian revolutionary and one of the leaders of the April Uprising. Born in Koprivshtitsa in a wealthy family, he studied in his ...

* Trayko Kitanchev *

Stefan Karadzha Stefan Karadzha (pronounced aɾadʒˈa bg, Стефан Караджа; born Stefan Todorov Dimov, Стефан Тодоров Димов; 11 May 1840 – 31 July 1868), was a Bulgarian national hero, a revolutionary from the national lib ...

(1840 – 1868) *

Hadzhi Dimitar Dimitar Nikolov Asenov ( bg, Димитър Николов Асенов ; 10 May 1840 – 10 August 1868), better known as Hadzhi Dimitar ( ), was one of the most prominent Bulgarian voivode and revolutionaries working for the Liberation of Bulg ...

(1840 – 1868) *

Panayot Volov Panayot Volov ( bg, Панайот Волов; c.1850 – 26 May 1876), also known under pseudonym Petar Vankov ( bg, Петър Ванков)), was the organizer and leader of the Gyurgevo Revolutionary Committee of the Bulgarian April Uprising ...

(1850 – 1876) *

Georgi Izmirliev Georgi Dimitrov Izmirliev ( bg, Георги Димитров Измирлиев; 21 April 1851 – 28 May 1876), nicknamed Makedoncheto ("The Little Macedonian"), was a Bulgarian revolutionary and public figure. A participant in the anti- Ot ...

(1851 – 1876) *

Petko Voyvoda Petko Kirkov Kaloyanov Петко Кирков (Каракирков, Киряков, Калоянов), better known as Captain Petko Voyvoda (Капитан Петко Войвода; 5 December 1844 – 7 February 1900) was a 19th-centur ...

Ilyo Voyvoda Iliya Markov ( bg, Илия Марков, mk, Илија Марков, ; May 28, 1805 – April 17, 1898), known as Ilyo Voyvoda or Dedo Iljo Maleshevski, was a Bulgarian revolutionary from the region of Macedonia, who is considered a national ...

Filip Totyu Todor Todorov Topalov (or Topalski) ( bg, Тодор Тодоров Топалов or Топалски; 1830-23 March 1907), better known under the pseudonym Filip Totyu (Филип Тотю), was a Bulgarian revolutionary of the Bulgarian National ...

Dimitar Obshti Dimitar Obshti ( bg, Димитър Общи) was a 19th-century Bulgarian revolutionary, who fought for the liberation of Bulgaria, Serbia and Crete from the Ottoman Empire, as well as for the ''Risorgimento'' of Italy. Biography Obshti was bor ...

Panayot Hitov Panayot Ivanov Hitov ( bg, Панайот Иванов Хитов) (November 11, 1830 – February 22, 1918) was a Bulgarian ''hajduk'', national revolutionary and voivode. Born in 1830 in Sliven (known as İslimiye at the time), he became a haj ...

(1830 – 1918) * Vasil Petleshkov *

Konstantin Velichkov Konstantin Velichkov (full name Konstantin Velichkov Petkov; in bg, Констaнтин Величков; 1855 – 3 November 1907) was a Bulgarian writer and public figure. Biography He was born in the town of Pazardzhik. Velichkov received hi ...

(1855 - 1907) *

Todor Aleksandrov Todor Aleksandrov Poporushov, best known as Todor Alexandrov ( Bulgarian/ Macedonian: Тодор Александров), also spelt as Alexandroff (4 March 1881 – 31 August 1924), was a Bulgarian revolutionary, army officer, politician and t ...

(1881 – 1924) * '' Roumena Voyvoda'' (1829 - 1862 or 1895)

Predecessors, First Enlighteners and other notable figures

Euthymius of Tarnovo Saint Euthymius of Tarnovo (also ''Evtimiy''; , ''Sveti Evtimiy Tarnovski'') was Patriarch of Bulgaria between 1375 and 1393. Regarded as one of the most important figures of medieval Bulgaria, Euthymius was the last head of the Bulgarian Ort ...

(c. 1325 - c. 1402/1404) * Gregory Tsamblak (c. 1365 - 1420) * Demetrius Kantakouzenos (1435 - 1487) *

Vladislav the Grammarian Vladislav the Grammarian (Bulgarian and sr, Владислав Граматик; 1456–79) was a Bulgarian Orthodox Christian monk, scribe, historian and theologian active in medieval Bulgaria and Serbia, regarded as part of both the Bulgarian an ...

(1456-1479) *

Pimen Zografski Pimen (Russian Пи́мен, Пими́н) ( gr , ποιμήν — shepherd) is a Greek male given name. Used by Russian Orthodox church monastics. It may refer to: * Pimen, Metropolitan of Moscow Metropolitan Pimen (known as Pimen the Greek, russ ...

(1540 - 1620) * Petar Bogdan (1601 – 1674) *

Filip Stanislavov Filip () is a masculine given name and a surname, cognate to Philip. In Croatia, the name Filip was among the most common masculine given names in the 2000s. Notable people with the name include: ; Given name * Filip Barović (born 1990), Monten ...

(1608 - 1674) * Petar Parchevich (1612 – 1674) * Avram Dimitriev (1630 - 1710) * Yankul Hrelyovski (first half of the 18th century) * Yosif Bradati (18th century) * Blasius Kleiner (? - 1785) *

Elias Riggs Elias Riggs (November 19, 1810 – January 17, 1901) was an American Presbyterian missionary and linguist. Biography Elias Riggs was born on November 19, 1810 in New Providence, New Jersey. He was the second son of Elias and Margaret (Congar) ...

(1810 – 1901) *

Albert Long Albert Long (December 4, 1832, Washington, Pennsylvania - July 28, 1901, Liverpool, England) was an American Methodist pastor who devoted much of his life preaching in the Balkans. During his missionary activities in the Ottoman Empire he contri ...

(1832 - 1901 * Spiridon Palauzov (1818 - 1892) * Evlogi (1819 - 1897) and Hristo (1824 - 1872) Georgievi brothers * Dimitar Kudoglu (1862 - 1940) (https://lostinplovdiv.com/en/articles/who-is-dimitar-kudoglu) * Felix Kanitz (1829 – 1904) *

Konstantin Josef Jireček The first name Konstantin () is a derivation from the Latin name ''Constantinus'' ( Constantine) in some European languages, such as Russian and German. As a Christian given name, it refers to the memory of the Roman emperor Constantine the Great ...

(1854 - 1918) * Karel (1859 - 1944) and Hermann Škorpil (1858 - 1923)

Gallery

Image: Straat in Oud Plovdiv 1.jpeg, The characteristic architecture of

Plovdiv Plovdiv ( bg, Пловдив, ), is the second-largest city in Bulgaria, standing on the banks of the Maritsa river in the historical region of Thrace. It has a population of 346,893 and 675,000 in the greater metropolitan area. Plovdiv is the c ...

's old town Image: Bulgarian National Revival.png, Bulgarian National Revival (18th-19th centuries) Image: TheOldChurch_Tshte1.jpg, Bulgarian National Revival Church Architecture,

Targovishte Targovishte ( bg, Търговище, also transliterated ''Tǎrgovište'', , tr, Eski Cuma) is a city in Bulgaria, the administrative and economic capital of Targovishte Province. It is situated at the northern foot of the low mountain of ...

References and notes